Soma

Resources => Other Cultures [Public] => Topic started by: Nichi on September 19, 2015, 05:36:46 AM

Title: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 19, 2015, 05:36:46 AM
It is a recurring theme in the old Indian paintings: the holy man or woman -- alone or with visitors. I'm quite fond of the fascination with this theme -- which must have been present since there is such an abundance of paintings with the theme. I especially like the difference: you would not ever see such an affection for, or sanctioning of such a lifestyle in the US -- or perhaps even in the west? There are a few Catholic saints, I suppose, like Francis of Assisi: but he is surely the exception, not the norm.

In any case, the 'holy' characters in this thread include ascetics, hermits, dervishes, yogis, yoginis, gurus, mullahs, and pirs. Visitors include companions, attendants, disciples, angels, tigers, lions, cheetahs, dogs, musicians, nobility, pilgrims, and villagers.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 19, 2015, 05:55:38 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/40/4f/de/404fdedc403efde8b8d6b21d26756a43.jpg)
Ascetic by the water. Unknown origin, from the cover of The Bijak of Kabir, Translated by Linda Hess and Shukdev Singh.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 19, 2015, 06:04:13 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ef/b4/23/efb4238417dc7327ad22b2d1c4eff9a2.jpg)
Detail of the painting below.


The artist Ruknuddin has combined creatively a number of ragamala texts to make this evocative masterpiece. Following artistic precedent and the texts, he shows an ascetic “in penance, adorned, gray [with ashes]” listening to a disciple, who is described as “a young man beauteous in every limb,” playing the rudra vina. Another ragamala text tells us the disciple is “an ascetic, whose mind is drowned in meditation on Shiva . . . crowned by the white moon.” ~Met Museum


(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/73/26/b0/7326b00599e519e6f5e82fa613d08620.jpg)
Kedar Ragini - Ruknuddin - 17th Century

Best view:
http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/as/original/DP153180.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 19, 2015, 07:19:11 AM
(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/India_Female_eremite.jpg)


Three women – a hermit with her two companions – are sitting by the tree on the garden terrace at sunset. The lady is sitting on the lion skin and is holding a rosary in her hands. She has a princely turban on her head and a large earring of the Kanphata sect in her ear. One of the ladies-in-waiting is leaning against the tree trunk and smoking narghile. In front of the women there is fan made of peacock feathers, as well as some fruit and drinks. There is a bonfire, which protects the interlocutors from the evening chill. The other lady-in-waiting is writing down a proverb advocating ascetism on a tablet, using a devanagari alphabet. In the distance there is a walled city, with carriages and riders approaching the city gate, as well as pedestrians fleeing from the dusk.

Images of that kind, popular in India towards the end of the 17th century, were linked with customs and religion. In certain situations, such as pregnancy or having to look after small children, widows were dispensed from the ritual sati [self-immolation] after the husband’s death, but they had to spend the rest of their lives as hermits. A woman of high social position was allowed to occupy the estate of her deceased husband in solitude, in a pavilion located in the remote part of the gardens. She still had the right to a certain lifestyle, she could wear jewellery. The hermit and her accompanying lady-in-waiting wore clothes in the colour of a quince flower with capes with pieces of colourful rags sewn onto them, and had their hair pinned up, usually hidden under a turban. The hermits were highly respected and considered saintly. They were visited by women looking for advice, comfort and blessing for their children.

~Ewa Czepielowa
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on September 19, 2015, 08:19:40 PM
I am about to write something on this subject, at least in principle. So it's apropos.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 20, 2015, 06:45:18 AM
I am about to write something on this subject, at least in principle. So it's apropos.

But of course! :)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 20, 2015, 01:06:24 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/5a/3f/bb/5a3fbbd01d53cb32a874a96115d75c92.jpg)
Ragamala - possibly Kedar
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 20, 2015, 01:09:35 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/2f/fc/ff/2ffcff3fdb7ac316e42fc38ddaf85be5.jpg)
Unidentified ragini. Man sitting on a mat in a field full of birds and animals. Circa 1610, Provincial Mughal style from the Manley Ragamala.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 20, 2015, 01:12:56 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3d/6e/26/3d6e263f821e6135c7b2e099438c7c2f.jpg)
Meeting with a yogini. Early to mid-18th C. poss. Golconda, Deccan, India

http://mfas3.s3.amazonaws.com/objects/SC155277.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 21, 2015, 06:06:59 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/93/e3/3a93e3ccf4c05bbdfbf62d7ee80e40e4.jpg)

Bifolio from the Gulshan Album (Left Side) India, Mughal dynasty, ca. 1600-1625; Dazzling in its jewel-like colors, palpably present yogis and atmospheric landscapes, this opening from the great Gulshan album of the Mughal emperor Jahangir represents Nath, Ramanandi, and Sannyasi yogis as members of an amiable collective.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/98/1b/c3/981bc3aeafe5ccd62ffdb7506fcd4f8c.jpg)

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 21, 2015, 06:14:23 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6b/25/b2/6b25b249628f406995d6fe1f583358d8.jpg)
Mughal, 17th-18th Century
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 23, 2015, 03:55:44 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b3/bd/1d/b3bd1d7b4c379e37fae16b9071f940f6.jpg)
“A Female Hermit is Entertained by a Musician” India; beginning of the 18th century A holy woman – perhaps a Sufi, perhaps a Hindu yogi – is listening attentively to another woman playing the zither. The painting is from the late Mughal period, when night scenes were especially popular.

http://www.davidmus.dk/files/7/1/2563/Yogini.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 23, 2015, 04:08:57 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/88/b4/35/88b435a37568acc1af4445d79f2e2f48.jpg)
Ascetics under a banyan tree. Signed: Inayat. India, Mughal school, dated 1630-31 AD. Opaque watercolour on paper. This painting was apparently inspired by a similar work of c.1625 by Govardhan. The nude figures are Hindu holy men visited by two elderly Muslim shaykhs and a dervish who holds a begging bowl. This is the latest work by Inayat, who was active at the courts of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 23, 2015, 06:49:11 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9e/85/af/9e85afdcda156878d853cf052572799a.jpg)
A Learned Man/the Venerable Sufi/an Old Sufi, by Basawan, Mughal, 1575-80. Assembled in an album for Prince Khurram (later Shah Jahan, r. 1628-57) in 1611-12.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 23, 2015, 11:57:27 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/74/88/fa/7488fa805c7ff793a0df583d11bfb71b.jpg)
Title: "Kamoda ragini" Creator/Contributor: Mir Chand, attributed Date: 1770 Format: Painting ink, gouache, and gold on paper India, Eastern India, Lucknow Description: An ascetic sits on an animal skin on a rock with a tree behind him. Contributing Institution: UC Berkeley, Berkeley Art Museum/Pacific Film Archive
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 25, 2015, 03:37:06 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/74/fb/59/74fb59a118e897e83bc837d57ffc559b.jpg)
Radha Crosses a River to Interview a Hindu Sage. Artist: Chokha (Indian, active 1799–ca. 1826). Date: ca. 1820. Culture: India (Rajasthan, Mewar).

Best view in the attachment.

Per the Met: On the left bank, Krishna stands with his steed, watching Radha, his beloved, and another woman being helped across the swirling waters. Several other figures, including a gopi with a cow and a man with a large pile of linens on his head, are making their way across. There are two small islands in the river with birds on them. On the top of the right bank is a palace, and below is the large figure of a hermit seated on a tiger-skin rug in a cave and attended by a peaceful lion.


http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/as/original/DP156172.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on September 25, 2015, 09:04:43 PM
Very beautiful painting, and particularly poignant, as Jahangir stood at a point of hope for India. Son of Akbar, the great tolerant Mughal Emperor who initiated the path of mutual appreciation of all religions in India. Jahangir added to this direction, as the picture demonstrates, and had this impulse succeeded, who knows what wondrous destiny India could have achieved - indeed, the whole world, as the failure of this impulse is said to have laid the foundations of the whole fundamentalist path Islam took subsequently (although one should never forget the role of oil and Wahhabism).

Julie and I stayed in a fabulous palace in Orchha, which was built by a Rajput king, as a dedication to Jahangir. When it was completed, Jahangir visited and stayed one night. But the palace was designed with a fascinating, intertwining juxtaposition of Hindu and Islamic symbolic shapes and colours. This was time of immense hope for spiritual and cultural respect.

Alas, despite Jahangir's son Shah Jahan continuing the mutual-respect tradition initiated by Akbar (literally meaning 'Great' although also connected by root to Kabir - say no more), it was Shah Jahan son, Aurangzeb, whose name still strikes fear in the hearts of Hindus today, that turned the tide towards intolerant, fundamental and aggressive Islam. Only a few days ago, Aurangzeb was spoken of in The Hindu newspaper, as being misunderstood. His actions and legacy are certainly not misunderstood.

In that picture, you see the hope of spiritual ascendancy for the whole of humanity. And yet, one can not overlook a critical fact. Dara, Jahangir's famous first wife, Mumtaz Mahal, eldest son, became too immersed in religious mutuality, while his brother, the third son, was a born warrior and brought up by a fundamentalist Islamic influence. The Mughal Empire reached it's greatest extent under Aurangzeb, which also became it's cause of decline: over-reach.

I see in all this the Will of Life. Those who tread too far to the left side of the tube running into the heart of our energetic being, who seek too much love and tolerance, fall prey to those who tread too far to the right of the tube - of violence and intolerance. Why has Life set it up that continuously throughout human history, the approach to enlightened material governance is always hijacked by ruthless and violent forces who have the advantage of 'physical grasp'. Why can't those who intuitively see all sides, also be capable of decisive and clever action. Obviously, this was achieved with some notable exceptions, like Akbar himself, and earlier Ashoka, but in general it appears the path to love makes us weak.

I see this as a warning to those who pursue the path of understanding and wisdom, that the ability to retain a cunning intellect and the capacity of the 'decisive strike', are essential elements of understanding, wisdom and love. We must walk both sides of the tube as we penetrate into the heart of our being.

BTW, Mumtaz Mahal did not die in Agra, and was not originally buried in the Taj Mahal. She died and was initially buried in another place, where a beautiful burial monument was likewise built - now lying derelict with goats and cows grazing within. I discovered this only recently, but when I found the location on the map, it was in such a difficult place on the Deccan to reach, I gave up on the idea of including it in a trip. The same with those fabulous caves of Ajanta - it is so hard to simply cross the street in India, that to reach these fascinating places requires a physical feat too much for the travel-worn soul.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/93/e3/3a93e3ccf4c05bbdfbf62d7ee80e40e4.jpg)

Bifolio from the Gulshan Album (Left Side) India, Mughal dynasty, ca. 1600-1625; Dazzling in its jewel-like colors, palpably present yogis and atmospheric landscapes, this opening from the great Gulshan album of the Mughal emperor Jahangir represents Nath, Ramanandi, and Sannyasi yogis as members of an amiable collective.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/98/1b/c3/981bc3aeafe5ccd62ffdb7506fcd4f8c.jpg)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 27, 2015, 01:54:17 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/7f/fb/e8/7ffbe85dd021a3a0c4bb64749de1dd08.jpg)
Mughals Visit an Encampment of "Sadhus," from the St. Petersburg Album.
India, Mughal dynasty, ca. 1635. St. Petersburg Institute of Oriental Manuscripts.

http://www.asia.si.edu/research/articles/images/yogic/fig1.jpg  (larger image)

http://www.asia.si.edu/research/articles/yogic-identities.asp (The article from which it hails.)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 29, 2015, 08:44:05 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/49/3d/33/493d33445a4b09bc81255a3a24348063.jpg)
Company School. Date 1820 (circa). Tamil Nadu.

Per British Museum:
Ten vignettes of Shaiva ascetics performing penance in two rows of five.
Row 1
a) A standing ascetic naked but for a minute loin-cloth, performing panchagni tapas, i.e. 'five fires penance' standing in the sun, surrounded by four fires.
b) An ascetic, as above, stands on his hands, his eyes closed in deep meditation. His knees are slightly flexed and his feet crossed.
c) An ascetic, as above, hangs upside down from a branch of a tree.
d) An ascetic, as above, floats mid-air, his legs in padmasana. His eyes are shut; with one hand on the nose he controls his breath intake. On the ground is the tiger skin on which he was seated before levitating into mid-air.
e) An ascetic, as above, stands on his left leg, while his right leg is flexed above his left knee.

Row 2
f) An ascetic, as above, immersed up to his neck in the water of a lake in which grow clusters of lotuses.
g) An ascetic, as above, seated in utkutikasana on a tiger skin placed in the shade of a banyan tree. A yogapatta is wound around his knees and keeps them in position.
h) An ascetic, as above, stands on his head. His left hand is placed on the ground to keep his balance.
i) An ascetic, as above, stands, the palms of his hands turned upwards. A yajnopavita (sacred thread) is shown across his chest.
j) An ascetic, as above, seated in padmasana on a tiger skin. His hands are in anjali mudra, his eyes are closed.
The background of these ten scenes is a rural landscape enlineved by trees and rocks and the occasional cloud in the sky.


http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=3058327&partId=1&searchText=indian+paintings+sacred+tree&page=1
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 29, 2015, 08:59:47 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/97/ec/e1/97ece181993952c978b0e5d7aa0c429a.jpg)
Kotah/Bundi, 18th century.

Per British Museum:
The setting of this unusual ceremony is in a courtyard in a zenana or the women's quarters of a palace or large mansion. The ceremony appears to be taking place at night under the light of a new moon. Oil lamps are lit in the niches providing some light. A young lady of noble birth is undergoing initiation rites into a religious cult. Her elderly lady attendant sits nearby watching the proceedings. The elderly darkskinned kanphat yogi seated in front of the lady being initiated may be her guru who appears to be conducting the ceremony. He seems to be communicating with his young protege, perhaps explaining initiaton rites and her role henceforth as a kanphat yogini. She appears to be listening intently and with total focus and devotion to her guru, as he explains. Kanphat yogis and yoginis are part of the Saivite tradition, hence the ash or vibhuti marks on the forehead of the elderly ascetic. The dark skinned ascetic holds a morchal or peacock feathered whisk in his left hand. His right hand holds a back scratcher, perhaps an ascetic's crutch, which he hands to the heroine. Three other priests appear to be assisting in the ceremony. One holds the hair of the lady initiate, which he may be tying into a jata or topknot that yoginis wore. The other priest is walking purposefully toward the lady initiate holding aloft a sacred rope which the yogini will wear after discarding her jewellery and rich clothing for simpler garb. The lady initiate has removed her shoes which the third priest holds in his hands. The ceremony takes place around a sacred fire from which smoke emanates. Hot coals are being brought in to add to the fire by a young maid in the right background. Ladies of the zenana watch interestedly from balconies and windows overlooking the open courtyard. They talk to each other and getsure at the unusual proceedings taking place below. White walled architecture provides a stark but perfect backdrop for the figures intent on the proceedings.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1607680&partId=1&searchText=yogi+&page=1
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on September 29, 2015, 09:56:37 AM
Interesting, but I'm pleased at least some women had opportunities - typical that it would be Shavaite, as the Vaishnav tradition has always had problems with the role of women in spiritual development. Seemed to depend if she was in the Rama or Krishna line. Shavaites tend towards the everything-goes approach, which is not necessarily useful either.

But the life of women in zananas must have been unbelievably frustrating and boring. I've just been reading about how this extended family setting also created confusions in the children, and wider social problems of adaptability to changing times.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 29, 2015, 01:51:33 PM
wider social problems of adaptability to changing times.

I can imagine!
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 29, 2015, 02:01:05 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b9/b0/0f/b9b00f51ef1ca28b0715dce82959be20.jpg)
A wandering Shaivite ascetic with his dog; Artist Unknown, India, Delhi-Agra, Mughal, 16th-17th century.

Per University of Michigan Museum:     This work is a double-sided page from a bound album. The painting, depicting a Hindu ascetic walking with his dog in a pastoral landscape, has been placed in a border, decorated with a floral scroll painted in gold on a blue or pale orange ground; a similar border surrounds a calligraphy panel on the reverse side. The border and the calligraphy panel are both somewhat later in date than the painting itself.

    The painting of the ascetic and his dog is pasted onto an album page. It is surrounded by a series of gold floral borders alternating blue and saffron-colored backgrounds. Wearing a brown poncho-like garment and carrying a fan in his right hand and a bag of his belongings, the lead attached to his white dog, and some tools in his left, he strides through the landscape. He wears sandals and has long brown matted locks of hair and a graying beard. The landscape consists of intersecting rounded forms in shades of green and yellow, surmounted by trees along the top and with a larger blue-foliaged tree to the right near the horizon. At the bottom a diagonal of yellowish rise of land with clumps of grass suggests some depth and a foreground, but the figure is quite flat in the middle ground.

    On the back of the page is a Panel of calligraphy consisting of a quatrain in Shah Jahan's handwriting signed "Sultân Khurram [his given name before he took the name Shah Jahan upon becoming emperor]" and dated 1020/1611-12. This is also surrounded by elaborate borders.

Subject Matter

    A Hindu ascetic, walking with his dog in an idealized landscape, with city buildings visible on the horizon.
    This work dates to a pivotal moment in the history of Mughal painting: the year when Jahangir replaced his father, Akbar, as emperor and chief patron of the imperial painting atelier. Both father and son were fascinated by Hindu ascetics, and frequently commissioned their artists to paint their portraits. In this unsigned work, an unnamed ascetic garbed in a flowing brown robe is seen striding purposefully through a landscape of gently rolling green hills, accompanied by his dog. Portraiture featuring a single figure shown in profile is a type that emerged under Akbar (r. 1565–1605), but it was under Jahangir (r. 1605–27) that it acquired greater psychological depth.

    Every element of this naturalistic portrait demonstrates the skill and sensitivity of the Mughal artist, from the careful study of foreground plants to the dignity of the saint-like figure and the silhouettes of trees in the distance. The blue and green hues of the landscape are ultimately derived from Persian painting, but the treatment of light and shadow and the close observation of nature have been learned from European art, brought to the Mughal court by Jesuits, diplomats and traders.


A wandering Shaivite ascetic with his dog (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/musart/x-1969-sl-2.175/1969_2_175.JPG?chaperone=S-MUSART-X-1969-SL-2.175+1969_2_175.JPG;from=index;lasttype=boolean;lastview=thumbnail;med=1;resnum=10;sel9=ic_exact;sort=relevance;start=1;subview=detail;view=entry;rgn1=ic_all;q1=mughal#)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 29, 2015, 03:37:05 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9c/de/de/9cdede334ccf912c8a83469c96d9dac3.jpg)
"A Party of Kanphat Yogis Resting around a Fire"
Mughal, c. 1630
The British Library Board

Per the Sampradya Sun:     "There are fewer Mughal pictures of Saṃnyāsīs than of Nāths. The north Indian ascetic Nāth traditions encountered by the Mughals were closely linked to the Sant tradition of holy men and, like them, believed in a formless, unconditioned god. This theological openness—which manifested in, among other things, a disdain for the purity laws adhered to by more orthodox Hindu ascetics—allowed them to mix freely with those such as the Muslim Mughals, who more caste-bound Hindu traditions would consider mlecchas (barbarians). Furthermore the Nāths were not militarized, unlike the Saṃnyāsīs, whose belligerence would have proved an impediment to interaction with the Mughals. The Nāths' greater influence on the Mughal court is further borne out by the preponderance of their doctrines in Persian yoga texts produced during the Mughal period."

    Mallinson points out that in battle scenes like the paintings under discussion of the Thaneswar war of ascetics and sannyasins, various icons help to distinguish the ancient Nath ascetics and sannyasins from one another. For example, in the Mughal miniatures shown in our previous segment we see the earrings worn by ascetics on both sides of the saffron war. The earrings are often painted black and are therefore quite visible identifiers in the paintings, as we saw in Figure 7 of the Yogis at Gurkhattri.

    While paraphernalia and ornaments like horns, fillets and necklaces often serve as quick identifiers of medieval ascetics, in the case of earrings they do not always distinguish between the two. In fact, many of the sannyasis in the paintings under discussion are also wearing earrings, although this sort of ornamentation is more common amongst the Naths than the more conservatively austere sannyasins. Mallinson writes:

    "Once members of the Nāth saṃpradāya have been identified, it is possible to note other attributes that Nāths do not share with the Saṃnyāsīs depicted in contemporaneous illustrations. These include the wearing of cloaks and hats, the accompaniment of dogs, and the use of small shovels for moving ash. The Saṃnyāsīs, meanwhile, in keeping with the renunciation implied by their name, do relatively little to embellish their archetypal ascetic attributes and are thus best distinguished by the absence of the specifically Nāth features noted above. Indeed, in some cases, their renunciation is such that they are naked, which the Nāths never are."

    Mallinson offers further historical commentary on the ornamentation of ascetics:

    "The criteria used above to identify the Nāths and Saṃnyāsīs in early Mughal paintings have been taken exclusively from sources contemporaneous with or older than the paintings themselves. This is because using modern ethnographic data to interpret these images has its pitfalls. By now the reader acquainted with the Nāths may have wondered why little mention has been made of earrings. Today, Nāths are renowned for wearing hooped earrings through the cartilages of their ears, which are cut open with a dagger at the time of initiation.

    For this reason, they are sometimes referred to as kānphaṭā (split-eared), a pejorative term that they themselves eschew. Very few other ascetics today wear earrings of any sort and, to my knowledge, none wears them kānphaṭā-style. The current exclusive association of Nāths wearing hooped earrings has led many scholars to take textual mentions or artistic depictions of such insignia as indications that the wearers are Nāths, but this is not always the case. In India, earrings have long been emblematic of both divinity and rank. Thus many representations of the Buddha show him with earlobes that are distended and pierced but empty, signifying his renunciation: he had abandoned the heavy jeweled earrings he wore as a royal prince. In contrast, Mahāyāna bodhisattvas and Tantric adepts (siddhas) were conceived of as sovereigns of their realms and are often described and depicted as wearing earrings (and other regal accoutrements). These Hindu and Buddhist siddhas may have been the first ascetics to wear earrings; a related type of ascetic, the Kāpālika (Skull bearer), is often said to wear them.

    In medieval vernacular texts contemporaneous with early Mughal paintings, earrings are almost always included (usually as mudrā) in lists of yogi insignia. Often they are associated with yogis who follow Gorakṣa. If we look at the ears in figures 1–3 and 7–9, however, we see two surprising features. First, almost all, whether they belong to Nāths or Saṃnyāsīs, sport earrings. Second, no earring goes through cartilage. Depictions of Saṃnyāsīs up to the eighteenth century often show them wearing earrings, and it is not until the late eighteenth or even early nineteenth century that we come across the first depictions of Nāths wearing earrings kānphaṭā-style. A fine example is a painting of two ascetics that illustrates a manuscript of the Tashrīḥ al-aḳvām, an account of various Indian sects, castes, and tribes commissioned by Colonel James Skinner and completed in 1825 (fig. 11). The ascetic on the left is identified in an expanded version of the picture from the same period as an Aughaṛ, i.e., a Nāth who is yet to take full initiation; the one on the right, who wears a siṅgī around his neck and kānphaṭā earrings, is a full initiate by the name of Śambhu Nāth.

    Travelers from the sixteenth century onward commented on the wearing of earrings by yogis, but there are no outsider reports of them being worn kānphaṭā-style until circa 1800. The seventeenth-century poet Sundardās, whose earliest manuscript is dated 1684, contrasts earring-wearing jogīs with jaṭā-growing Saṃnyāsīs (pad 135) and elsewhere derides splitting the ears (kān pharāi) as a means of attaining yoga (sākhī 16.23). Since no paintings of yogis from the Mughal heyday (up to 1640) show split-eared yogis, it thus seems likely that the practice developed in the second half of the seventeenth century. The use of the pejorative name kānphaṭā, however, is not found until the second half of the eighteenth century, suggesting that the practice did not become widespread until then. The Nāths' adoption of this extreme kānphaṭā style led to earrings in general being closely associated with the Nāth order, with the result that other ascetic orders eschewed the practice."


http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/09-14/features3316.htm

(Alas, the Figures referenced in this article are not apparent on the site.)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: runningstream on September 29, 2015, 09:48:16 PM
are these guys headed any where in particular or are they just embodying different facets ?

or with an ultimate goal in mind
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 30, 2015, 04:58:44 AM
are these guys headed any where in particular or are they just embodying different facets ?

or with an ultimate goal in mind

Headed anywhere? I suppose they are headed to enlightenment, nirvana, infinity, and the like. Did you mean in a certain painting, or in the general lives of those who choose the path of yoga and asceticism?
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 30, 2015, 06:37:11 AM
This painting is fascinating, intriguing, and beautiful. You really must get the details in the enlargement-link - the image here, which links from Pinterest, is not enough.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/d5/7f/d0/d57fd0d5932d54dd1d94adea9496c2ec.jpg)

Miniature pasted on an album leaf. “A Woman Visiting a Yogini by a River” India, Mughal; c. 1650. If it were not for the two main characters – a pretty Hindu girl asking a bluish yogini for advice – the miniature would look like a European landscape painting from the end of the 16th century. It has been attributed to Payag, who was known for his penchant for night scenes and a dark palette. An amazing meeting of cultures, and reflects an eclecticism that specifically characterized Mughal art.

Here's the enlarged version by the Davidmus people:   http://www.davidmus.dk/files/5/7/3196/Copyright_David-Collection_Copenhagen_55-2000_web.jpg

The intriguing part to me is the figure hiding in the tree, or behind the tree. I thought at first it could be a tree spirit. But I came around to thinking it is an ascetic-attendant of the yogini's. I had never seen the attendant hiding before, as this one seems to be.

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: runningstream on September 30, 2015, 10:52:27 AM
sorry

you could read my question as what are 'all' these people in the paintings doing

to inquire


yes its inquisitive to wan't to what is it they are all doing and represent
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on September 30, 2015, 04:00:40 PM
yes its inquisitive to wan't to what is it they are all doing and represent

I think it's a safe generalization that they are all pursuing their own enlightenment. Some are sharing wisdom. I've tried to describe any peculiarities, per the action of each painting.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: runningstream on September 30, 2015, 07:54:38 PM
ok

i thought maybe they have common purposes it seems enlightenment is a varied and wide term
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Jahn on October 02, 2015, 04:21:28 AM
ok

i thought maybe they have common purposes it seems enlightenment is a varied and wide term

Answer 1:

A monk asked Joshu, a Chinese Zen master: `Has a dog Buddha-nature or not?'
Joshu answered: `Mu.' [Mu is the negative symbol in Chinese, meaning `No-thing' or `Nay'.]

Mumon's comment:s To realize Zen one has to pass through the barrier of the patriachs. Enlightenment always comes after the road of thinking is blocked. If you do not pass the barrier of the patriachs or if your thinking road is not blocked, whatever you think, whatever you do, is like a tangling ghost. You may ask: What is a barrier of a patriach? This one word, Mu, is it.

This is the barrier of Zen. If you pass through it you will see Joshu face to face. Then you can work hand in hand with the whole line of patriachs. Is this not a pleasant thing to do?

If you want to pass this barrier, you must work through every bone in your body, through ever pore in your skin, filled with this question: What is Mu? and carry it day and night. Do not believe it is the common negative symbol meaning nothing. It is not nothingness, the opposite of existence. If you really want to pass this barrier, you should feel like drinking a hot iron ball that you can neither swallor nor spit out.

Then your previous lesser knowledge disappears. As a fruit ripening in season, your subjectivity and objectivity naturally become one. It is like a dumb man who has had a dream. He knows about it but cannot tell it.

When he enters this condition his ego-shell is crushed and he can shake the heaven and move the earth. He is like a great warrior with a sharp sword. If a Buddha stands in his way, he will cut him down; if a patriach offers him any obstacle, he will kill him; and he will be free in this way of birth and death. He can enter any world as if it were his own playground. I will tell you how to do this with this koan:

Just concentrate your whole energy into this Mu, and do not allow any discontinuation. When you enter this Mu and there is no discontinuation, your attainment will be as a candle burning and illuminating the whole universe.



 Has a dog Buddha-nature?
 This is the most serious question of all.
 If you say yes or no,
 You lose your own Buddha-nature.


Answer 2:

31.  Everything is Best 
  When Banzan was walking through a market he overheard a conversation between a butcher and his customer.   
 'Give me the best piece of meat you have,' said the customer.   
'Everything in my shop is the best,' replied me butcher. "You cannot find here any piece of meat that is not the best.'   
 At these words Banzan became enlightened.   
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: runningstream on October 02, 2015, 09:24:26 AM
 :) thanks Jahn
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Jahn on October 03, 2015, 03:50:12 AM
:) thanks Jahn

Your welcome,
the answers says something about enlightment, and how it can come in different forms - but the answers (quotes) are not my own feathers, though I have chosen them because they are in line with my own energy. I am a raven, a blue raven.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 04, 2015, 03:47:14 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/18/c0/4a/18c04a274ee85b268991a60b2968b9e8.jpg)

A dervish of the Qalandari order with a pet sheep, by Mukund, Mughal, circa 1585-95,
on paper, inscribed with a Persian couplet in nasta’liq script in a very fine hand on border above; and below: 'in raqm az Mukund naqqash ast' ['This drawing is by Mukund Naqqash' (the painter)]. 

Per Sotheby's: This is an exquisitely delicate drawing of a Sufi of the Qalandari order by Mukund. The drawing itself, dating to circa 1585-95, would no doubt have been made under the patronage of Emperor Akbar, who showed a keen interest in spiritual concerns throughout his life, hence his instructions to artists that they should record the appearance of the Hindu wandering ascetics, of which many depictions exist from this period. But the distinctive borders indicate that it was included in an important album known as the Salim Album assembled by Prince Salim (the future emperor Jahangir) during the years 1600-04, when he set up his own court at Allahabad. From the surviving pages it is clear that the album (almost certainly dispersed by the French dealer Demotte in the early twentieth century) contained a strong theme of religious figures - among the subjects of the portraits were Sufis, such as the present example, Muslim scholars and mullahs, Kanphata yogis, a Jain monk, Christian saints and the Madonna and Child, as well as more standard images of noblemen and courtiers. For a full discussion of the album and listing of the pages (which, however, does not include the present example), see Wright 2008, pp.55-67, 456-458; see also Leach 1995, vol.1, pp.300-307, where the present work is twice referred to. Wright has pointed out that the Salim Album is unusual for the frequent relation between the images and the panels of text (Wright 2008, p.61). In this case the lower panel of nasta'liq text is the signature by the artist Mukund (in raqm az Mukund naqqash ast). The upper panel contains a couplet, in the same hand as the lower one (i.e. possibly that of Mukund himself), that translates roughly as follows:

"Thousands of points can be much finer than a strand of hair
A shaven head does not signify knowledge of Qalandar spirituality".

The sense of the couplet, that becoming a Sufi of the Qalandar order is no easy thing, is clearly pertinent to the image, which depicts a devotee of that Sufi order.

Mukund was one of the few artists chosen by Abu'l Fazl for special mention in the A'in-i Akbari as having "attained fame" (translated by Blochmann 1873 (reprint 1989), vol.I, p.114). Among other manuscripts, he worked on the Jaipur Razmnama, the Jaipur Ramayana and the Victoria and Albert Museum Akbarnama. It is likely that he also worked on the Hamzanama. Leach writes of the present miniature: "The painter apparently thought well of himself since he justifiably signed a small drawing of a yogi as 'Mukund, the Master'. This drawing, his poetry pages and others indicate that Mukund was a sensitive painter interested in precision and minute detail rather than bold effects."


http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2015/sven-gahlin-collection-l15224/lot.8.html
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 04, 2015, 04:09:21 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/74/5c/21/745c21f75443e156b7b2cfa64eab61a2.jpg)

A Nath Yogi with Two White Dogs. Album folio. Date c. 1600. South Asia, India, Mughal period.

Per Harvard Art Museum: The man represented here has attributes of a Nath yogi. As is customary for members of this group, he wears large, round earrings, a black sacred thread (janeo) with a small horn pendant, and a coral-or salmon-colored robe. His face and hands are covered with ashes, and he possesses a begging bowl and a crutch (acal) for supporting his chin or arm during meditation. Accompanied by two white dogs, he is shown sitting in an outdoor landscape, hugging his legs and looking at one of the animals. The dogs frolic around him, their playfulness enlivening the otherwise meditative composition.
The painting is executed with extremely delicate brushwork (best seen under magnification) that conveys the artist’s visualsensitivity: textures and facial features are rendered with fine lines and subtle hues, and minute details are articulated with great precision.

This page was part of a now-dispersed album of painting and calligraphy. Known as the Salim Album, it was made for Prince Salim, the future Mughal emperor Jahangir (r. 1605–27), at a time when he was in rebellion against his father, Akbar (r. 1556–1605). Several paintings from the album illustrate non-Islamic religious subjects that were of interest to both Akbar and Jahangir; some also represent known figures at the Mughal court. The particular features of this yogi—his round face, full cheeks, small nose, thin lips, and slanted eyes—may be seen as an attempt to render him in a personalized manner even if the artist was not intending to portray a specific individual.

The painting is bordered above and below by couplets of Persian poetry that refer to the poet-lover who, separated from his beloved, has become an ascetic. A similarly composed page depicting a Nath yogi with a single dog has also been identified as having belonged to the Salim Album. Considering their related subject matter, composition, setting, and poetic inscriptions, one can surmise that the two pages faced each other in the album.

Mika M. Natif

[1] The order of yogis is called Nath Sampradaya, or sometimes Kanphata (split-eared) or Gorakhnath: see White 1996, 7–9.
[2] Such earrings identify members of the Nath order. During the initiation ceremony, the master, or guru, cuts the initiate’s earlobes; the large earrings are inserted later. Briggs 1973, 1–2, 6–7.


http://www.harvardartmuseums.org/art/165804
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 04, 2015, 04:33:27 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e2/53/17/e253177fe8b6bdef54438ef8f4b4ee5e.jpg)

Two women and a small child visiting a yogi and yogini at night, Provincial Mughal, India, late 18th century.

Enlarged view in the attachment and here: http://www.sothebys.com/content/dam/stb/lots/L09/L09721/L09721-39-lr-1.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 04, 2015, 05:06:11 PM
I'll say one thing, with my paltry grip on India's history: Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan were all responsible for the production of some beautiful art.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on October 05, 2015, 01:06:11 AM
Book I'm reading presently said that for all their faults the Muslims beautified India. He nonetheless thinks it was a lot of over-indulgent ornamentation that wasted huge amounts of wealth.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 05, 2015, 01:21:11 AM
He nonetheless thinks it was a lot of over-indulgent ornamentation that wasted huge amounts of wealth.

That's sort of an age-old criticism about the arts, n'est-ce pas?
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 07, 2015, 01:23:34 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/0b/46/4e/0b464e61cb4cc3bd0f9c2e589444ed6b.jpg)
"A Holy Man, Master of Animals, Punjab Hills, Basohli, ca. 1675." Master of animals, bull-necked, his baton conducts the tiger's stripes and panther's spots; while the buck and doe look round and up, and nudge, and sweeten the air - and his red chappals. Distant "echo" of Rustam's tiger stripes in tigers - Stuart Cary Welch

Attachment for best view.

http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2011/c-welch-part-ii-l11228/lot.55.html
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 09, 2015, 07:25:42 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/25/05/c9/2505c96e74ed439d181fd642a0c7ee60.jpg)

A Wandering Sadhu. Display Artist: Chajju Lal. Creation Date: ca. 1900. Edwin Binney 3rd Collection, The San Diego Museum of Art
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 06:44:29 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/83/54/3a83542192976284cd27156dd2fdee5b.jpg)

Five Holy Men, attributable to Govardhan, India, Mughal, circa 1625-30, A leaf from the St. Petersburg Album, Borders signed by Muhammed Hadi, dated 1172 AH/1758-9 AD. (Sotheby's)

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/7d/e6/31/7de6311224ba7a4c6da8296da6913548.jpg)

When Sotheby's says "attributable to...", they mean that they're not sure. It could be a reproduction. But, original or not, the artistry in this painting is quite fine.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 06:58:04 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/eb/4e/8a/eb4e8a6b1b2581788fc1f3370628a79a.jpg)

Yogini with Mynah

Surrounded by surreally surging hillocks and hugely blooming flowers, a yogini stands quite still, almost spellbound, though her gold sashes furl and the delicate tendrils of hair around her tilted head quiver. Impossibly elongated, she has the ash-covered skin and the dreadlock (jata) topknot of female ascetics associated with the deity Shiva. The visionary painting was created at the Islamic court of Bijapur, where yoginis were understood as agents of supernatural power.

Yogini with Mynah
India, Karnataka, Bijapur
ca. 1603–4
Opaque watercolor and gold on paper
The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin In 11a.31

~Freer and Sackler

http://www.asia.si.edu/explore/yoga/object.asp?id=T0002527b


There are many versions of the above painting.
http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibitionId={8951577E-FB8D-4B46-92DE-C4F08364DF96}&oid=458033&pkgids=296&pg=3&rpp=20&pos=51&ft=*
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 07:14:24 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/8d/9a/99/8d9a99ffa9423efa566558475bf6a93c.jpg)

Dervish Leading a Bear, Folio from the Shah Jahan Album. Date: recto: early 19th century; verso: later copy of 16th century original. India, Islamic.

Stunning view here: http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/is/original/DP247742.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 07:34:18 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/05/5d/fd/055dfdec4c4585afecef46f31cf3a079.jpg)

"Devgandhar Ragini. Bikaner, circa early 18th century. In poetic descriptions of this ragini the figure is a lovelorn woman who in the belief it would bring about the return of her husband practiced severe austerities for so long that the gods turned her into an ascetic complete with dreadlocked hair and ash-smeared body. In pictorial representations this figure is sometimes seen with a semblance of womanhood but more often - as here - is shown as a male with long, unkempt beard." ~Peter Blohm   http://www.indianminiaturepaintings.co.uk/Bikaner_Devgandhar-Ragini_000582.html

(A woman transformed into a man!)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 08:03:47 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9d/96/b8/9d96b8c7d36caee04ccdf65f8b418ff4.jpg)
Devghandar Ragini (?)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 08:06:48 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/75/64/b5/7564b5ad06d22d8471763f7d0f4560e7.jpg)

Miniature indienne : un derviche se soignant, Inde, Oudh, art moghol, XVIIIème siècle. "Dervish healing himself," according to Sotheby's. Reminiscent of Bangali Ragini.

Best view here: http://www.sothebys.com/content/dam/stb/lots/PF1/PF1319/236PF1319_74BZF_1.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 08:17:43 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/d9/40/26/d9402627997a8b5027c41c2b9716a9ba.jpg)

A yogini in her own right, Deccan, 18th c.   "An Album Leaf of a Yogini. India, Deccan, 18th Century. The figure in profile wearing magenta and green robes and holding aloft a peacock feather whisk."     Source: 2002,  http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/search/LotDetail.asp?sid=&intObjectID=3970132&SE=CMWCAT03+1192914+%2D356381872+&QR=M+1+75+Aqc0000900+1099720++Aqc0000900+&entry=india&SU=1&RQ=True&AN=76

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1800_1899/women/yogini/yogini.html
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 08:32:09 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/eb/68/f7/eb68f783ea04008f413c7cdc3e694b8b.jpg)

Court ladies meet a yogini in the forest, Provincial Mughal style, late 1700's.

Source: http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/search/LotDetail.asp?sid=&intObjectID=3970131&SE=CMWCAT03+1192850+%2D359648700+&QR=M+1+35+Aqc0000900+1099664++Aqc0000900+&entry=india&SU=1&RQ=True&AN=36


"Ladies Encountering a Yogini in a Forest. India, Provincial Mughal, late 18th Century. Depicting a group of jeweled ladies with details highlighted in gold encountering a female mendicant dressed in salmon colored robes under a densely forested setting."

(The expressions of the non-conversing women are interesting in this painting: as if they can't quite be bothered with this yogini, despite the engagement of one of their companions.  ;) )
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 14, 2015, 09:16:08 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/3a/96/48/3a964896a2f56c5bef110cd0d8de33a1.jpg)


Dervish with a Lion, from Shah Jahan's album. Painting by Padarath Calligrapher: Sultan 'Ali al-Mashhadi (active late 15th–early 16th century) Date: verso: ca.1630; recto: ca. 1500.

    Per the Met: "During the reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan, devotees were favorably received, and often indulged, at court. The dervish depicted here has accoutrements associated with a mystic of the time such as a satchel, fur skirt, and distinctive head gear. He also has the dedicatory scars from self-inflicted burns on his upper arm."

Glorious view here: http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/is/original/DP164662.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 23, 2015, 06:56:15 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/75/e7/bb/75e7bbfe2567d4ac03a0087c540f74c8.jpg)

Bangali Ragini
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 23, 2015, 07:06:14 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/db/c5/99/dbc599d89966717c0738bdfb88692829.jpg)

Bangali Ragini
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 26, 2015, 02:56:24 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/01/da/b6/01dab62467119995e330227ed4a3795c.jpg)

An Ascetic Receiving an Offering from a Woman India, Rajasthan, Bikaner, circa 1725-1750. Opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper.

http://collections.lacma.org/sites/default/files/remote_images/piction/ma-31955137-O3.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 26, 2015, 03:38:31 AM
The holy men of India, circa Middle Ages, were viewed as powerful and were consulted as oracles. In this history of Bikaner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bikaner), the following anecdote is cited:

According to legend Bika Lunkaranji consulted a holy man called Jas nathji, who foretold that Bika's line would reign for 450 years. While Bika was pleased with this prediction, his brother Gharsiji when he heard of the prediction thought a longer period of power should have been prophesied. He confronted the holy man while he was in a deep trance and roused him by thrusting burning incense under his nose.[10] Jas nathji told him 'All right take 50 years more or less but of trial and tribulation'.

:)

(Thank-you Qarille.)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 03:24:54 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/16/b7/c8/16b7c8bf743cf683602579f34fb8b839.jpg)
Kedara Ragini, Mughal, circa 1700.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 03:30:34 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/a6/e4/9f/a6e49fa4a04de0771dea525a7bca0fb9.jpg)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 03:34:57 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/18/3e/e6/183ee63d29c4212905e9a5907133d7dc.jpg)
Ladies visit yogini by Shoberl, 19th century.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 03:38:34 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/76/60/0e/76600ecdcd1d71c0e8ec4a47e90f5a38.jpg)
An Indian miniature painting depicting a royal family visiting a Yogini, opaque watercolour on paper, Mughul School, 18th Century
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 03:43:36 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c5/30/5a/c5305af6c92f40a278a9e8db4eec711c.jpg)
Attributed to Basawan, Indian (16th century) "Ascetics Making Bhang". Drawing. Date c. 1585, Mughal period.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on October 31, 2015, 04:00:15 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c3/8d/65/c38d65bc5e9f65c347da08e44b97582d.jpg)
Mystics Around a Campfire, "Attributable" to Payag, Mughal, India, Circa 1650
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on November 02, 2015, 09:06:14 PM
The holy men of India, circa Middle Ages, were viewed as powerful and were consulted as oracles. In this history of Bikaner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bikaner), the following anecdote is cited:

According to legend Bika Lunkaranji consulted a holy man called Jas nathji, who foretold that Bika's line would reign for 450 years. While Bika was pleased with this prediction, his brother Gharsiji when he heard of the prediction thought a longer period of power should have been prophesied. He confronted the holy man while he was in a deep trance and roused him by thrusting burning incense under his nose.[10] Jas nathji told him 'All right take 50 years more or less but of trial and tribulation'.

:)

(Thank-you Qarille.)

That was interesting - I have seen the statue of Karni Mata in the Jodhpur fort, which is a bit spooky I should add, but had never looked up the origin of this 'deity' personage. We spent a few days in Bikaner, and found it very interesting. It remains a place we would like to return to, but probably won't as we have had enough of North India.

(http://buriedshiva.com.au/assets/Karni_Mata.jpg)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 03, 2015, 05:17:04 AM
(I like your reflection in that photo, M.) :)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on November 03, 2015, 08:15:23 AM
Curious to see I'm wearing a warm jacket of some kind - Julie and I often reflect on how cold Rajasthan was, and then we flew direct to Trivandrum in South India and it was the most stifling, hottest humidity of any place I can remember. Our bodies took two weeks to adjust.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 03, 2015, 08:52:16 AM
Curious to see I'm wearing a warm jacket of some kind - Julie and I often reflect on how cold Rajasthan was,

Is this the reason you all are tired of Northern India, the cold?
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on November 03, 2015, 11:00:07 PM
No, it's only cold in winter, and nothing like where we live here in Aust. We are tired of North India because it's so bloody difficult. And yet it is also fascinating, but it's just too exhausting. The South is a breath of fresh air comparatively, and once we discovered the wealth of culture in Tamil Nadu, which also has the best temples, we realised all our future adventures into Indian culture could be satisfied by the South.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 04, 2015, 11:02:10 AM
No, it's only cold in winter, and nothing like where we live here in Aust. We are tired of North India because it's so bloody difficult. And yet it is also fascinating, but it's just too exhausting. The South is a breath of fresh air comparatively, and once we discovered the wealth of culture in Tamil Nadu, which also has the best temples, we realised all our future adventures into Indian culture could be satisfied by the South.

How about the political danger-factor in the North?
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on November 04, 2015, 09:06:18 PM
How about the political danger-factor in the North?

Dangers are not likely to come from political sources, except in Kashmir. There is the odd bomb, but really they are rare. We've never felt concern from that kind of thing in India, although, the South does have a lower profile for that risk. Dangers are more likely to come from illness, pedestrian/vehicle accidents or train fires, and they can happen anywhere. Riots are always something to watch for, but again, they are rare, although some friends of mine did get too close for comfort to a riot.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 13, 2015, 06:50:28 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/da/75/50/da755039101302ee698bfadb060eca8e.jpg)
Miniature indienne : trois femmes visitant une Yogini, Inde, école moghole provinciale, XVIIIème siècle.

http://www.sothebys.com/content/dam/stb/lots/PF1/PF1319/235PF1319_74BZC_1.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 13, 2015, 07:31:17 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/46/51/c4/4651c4385ab4eee64c7bfa6d7d3d1702.jpg)
A Yogini at her Hermitage Being Visited by Devotees. India, Kishangarh, circa 1720-40

Per Sotheby's: The yogini clad in silhouetted orange garments is standing on a tiger skin mat with a morchal and offerings around her. Her attire and ornaments suggest a noble descent. She is shown leaning on a plank tied to the tree- implying a vow to stand on her feet for a long period of time, a known yogic feat. She is giving audience to a varied group of devotees. Under the tree and close to her are seated two other ascetics. Her hermitage is located on the river bank. The marbled courtyard where she stands is surrounded by pits with smoldering embers of coal.

The group of devotees present fine examples of portraiture, with each person a studied character skillfully rendered by the artist. They include a royal extending his hand with offerings, a young boy holding a spear, two sword heralding men, an old Sufi with a  bent back and a man with a shaved head, holding a branch with leaves, reminiscent of the Christian saints rendered on Mughal folios of this time. Kishangarh’s atelier during this period was headed by Bhavanidas, the Mughal master who relocated to Kishangarh in 1719.


Best View: http://www.sothebys.com/content/dam/stb/lots/N08/N08976/249N08976_6GCQ4.jpg  (click to enlarge)

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 24, 2015, 05:23:00 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/17/52/41/1752414789f3b630b3f3689962b45dfb.jpg)
A prince meets a holy man at his mountain retreat Malwa, North India, mid-17th century
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 24, 2015, 05:29:27 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ff/83/fa/ff83fa300489994c8a6ae4cedb5ec9ca.jpg)

Ibrahim ibn Adham c. 718 – c. 782 / AH c. 100 – c. 165, was one of the most prominent of the early ascetic Sufi saints. The story of his conversion is one of the most celebrated in Sufi legend, as that of a prince renouncing his throne and choosing asceticism closely echoing the legend of Gautama Buddha. Sufi tradition ascribes to Ibrahim countless acts of righteousness, and his humble lifestyle, which contrasted sharply with his early life as the king of Balkh (itself an earlier center of Buddhism). As recounted by Abu Nu'aym, Ibrahim emphasized the importance of stillness and meditation for asceticism. Rumi extensively described the legend of Ibrahim in his Masnavi. The most famous of Ibrahim's students is Shaqiq al-Balkhi (d. 810).
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 24, 2015, 05:47:21 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/40/e3/87/40e387d5622333c91b09e6266e676731.jpg)

Dervish seated under a tree. Detached album folio. Portrait of a dervish engaged in prayers while seated on a platform under a tree, holding a rosary in his hand and a crutch by his side. The setting, the simple accessories & the contemplative atmosphere are common to dervishes' depictions of the time, in which a modest lifestyle and humble behaviour were emphasised. Mughal Style. Shah Jahan reign, c. 1627-1658. India
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on December 01, 2015, 04:22:24 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/f8/ca/47/f8ca47c5ef8f87a5a99f8fd9e8dcd0a0.jpg)
Two Holy Men Conversing, Reminiscent of Payag, India, Mughal, circa 1630-35

(Open attachment for best view)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on December 18, 2015, 11:29:38 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c0/e7/1d/c0e71db2bc0ff6aa8d2b962aa5c4abc4.jpg)
A Dervish dance Type Painting Maker(s) Artist: Mirza Muhammad al-Hasani Historical period(s) Safavid period, 1613 Medium Ink, color and gold on paper. Geography Iran, Isfahan

http://www.asia.si.edu/collections/edan/object.php?q=fsg_F1907.157
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on December 20, 2015, 10:28:31 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ac/6f/f2/ac6ff28bdad924893980f2343aae674f.jpg)
a Lady Going to Worship at a Lingam Shrine, India, Mughal, circa 1700

Best view in the attachment: open and enlarge.

There is something about the lady's garb - especially those (leather?) wrist-bands she's wearing, which shows up a lot in the yogini paintings. I've yet to identify the meaning. It puts me in mind of archery, or falconry.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on December 20, 2015, 01:27:22 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6c/27/21/6c27211e6155378b56193a1c4d458c92.jpg)
Female Ascetics (Yoginis)
India, Rajasthan, Bikaner, circa 1730-1740
Drawings; watercolors



https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Female_Ascetics_%28Yoginis%29_LACMA_M.2011.156.4_%281_of_2%29.jpg
Title: A Vaishnava Yogi
Post by: Nichi on January 01, 2016, 09:09:45 AM
Alas, the image is excruciatingly small. But a rarity it is, nonetheless.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/36/cf/0f/36cf0f6559acf17238e573d56d388b27.jpg)

A painting of a Vaishnava Yogi
India, Company School, mid 19th century
The ascetic standing against a hilly landscape, holding a spear, his skin half brown and half blue, wearing a red dhoti, pearl jewelry and a turban.
http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/a-painting-of-a-vaishnava-yogi-india-5417152-details.aspx

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/8f/46/72/8f4672fa0162a4902401ab69ce638429.jpg)

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on January 04, 2016, 08:19:31 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/8a/57/1c/8a571c318465a0807cb40ba9a8d24c11.jpg)
Rajput warrior visiting female devotee with attendant. Mughal dynasty, c.1700, India.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on January 04, 2016, 08:39:11 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ed/f6/50/edf650caf911c440d4ac6f7c0feb1b3a.jpg)
Woman visiting hermit playing vina with attendant and dog. On paper. Mughal style, Islamic period, late 18th century, India.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on January 11, 2016, 08:34:56 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/21/c3/4d/21c34de7a3e5bf896a148a4314317af9.jpg)
An Illustrated and Illuminated Album Page: A group of noblewomen visiting a hermitage, attributed to Dalchand, Mughal, circa 1720-40, with calligraphy signed by Khalilallah

Best view in the attachment. (Click and enlarge.)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on January 18, 2016, 10:36:33 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/05/88/c9/0588c90f97ec0631888f5ed8fec14315.jpg)
Walking Vaishnava Disciples, Late 18th century, India (Rajasthan, Kishangarh), Brush and black ink and watercolor over traces of charcoal on beige laid paper, Philadelphia Museum of Art

(Don't know what the story is with the hat!)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on January 30, 2016, 08:03:17 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/3b/a7/72/3ba772ccd5cfd2b0804e1a13ef89d307.jpg)

A girl as an ascetic performing penances with two attendants outside an ashram. A possible Ragamala illustration to the musical mode Devagandhari Ragini. Deccan?, India or Machilipatnam, India. Date ca. 1780.

Best view (click and enlarge): http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GK/2013GK1480_2500.jpg

(Smiling about the redheaded ascetics, though no doubt it was henna that made it so.)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on January 30, 2016, 10:20:35 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/8a/57/1c/8a571c318465a0807cb40ba9a8d24c11.jpg)
Rajput warrior visiting female devotee with attendant. Mughal dynasty, c.1700, India.

That's beautiful.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 03, 2016, 06:28:54 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9d/96/b8/9d96b8c7d36caee04ccdf65f8b418ff4.jpg)
Devghandar Ragini (?)

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/cc/63/40/cc6340bf864d9f09fda3998018e8aeec.jpg)
A female yogini (ascetic) is seated on a deer-skin under a mango tree by a river. Though she is wearing a saffron lower garment, she is also wearing elaborate ornaments. She has a white garland around her neck. A large white bundle together with a crook can be seen on the ground beside her. The painting portrays the musical mode Gujari Ragini from a Ragamala series. Place of Origin Murshidabad, India.

Best view (click and enlarge): http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2014/HC/2014HC2467_2500.jpg


(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/a2/d8/b3/a2d8b378a8f9ffabc9b422e00eebb8ba.jpg)

Femme ascère ou yogini. Vers 1760-1770. Ecole de Murshidabad.

All 3 images close to identical, but all with differing identities given by the artists.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 10, 2016, 09:59:45 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/d5/67/f2/d567f2c93958dd86e4dbe02fbb70a0c8.jpg)
Vaishnav Mughal Sadhvi

It's so unusual to find the Vaishnavite ascetics, I snag them when I see them.


(Best view in attachment: click and enlarge.)


Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 07:15:28 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/84/36/d7/8436d731903a54972310b22d603b4ae5.jpg)
Two female ascetics seated on animal skins, the traditional seat of holy men and women. The dark shading and sombre colouring are typical of painting in the Mughal province of Murshidabad in the mid-18th century.

Click and enlarge for best view: http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GD/2013GD6666_2500.jpg

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 07:25:10 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/3d/bb/1d/3dbb1d9753a02206beadce12b1bbd256.jpg)
Emperor Akbar with musician Tansen before Tansen's guru Haridas. Mughal at Delhi, circa late 18th century.

http://www.indianminiaturepaintings.co.uk/Delhi_Akbar_Tansen_Haridas_16312.html

Emperor Akbar once asked one of his Navaratnas (nine jewels of his court), his favourite musician Haridas, if there was a better singer than him. Haridas replied there was but one, his guru, Haridas. Akbar ordered that Tansen bring Haridas to him to perform, but Tansen replied that Haridas would only sing to god and not to Akbar, even though he was emperor. Hearing this Akbar said they must visit Haridas with himself disguised as Tansen's attendant, so that he might hear Haridas sing. When they did so Akbar was entranced to the point of blissfulness. ~Peter Blohm
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 07:46:35 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/ec/7d/82/ec7d82cb6a2fdaf0dc5c979101f5b923.jpg)
A group of women meeting with a yogi, Lucknow, c.1750

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 07:51:22 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/23/6f/3b/236f3b76de59090abd81597c8202e79a.jpg)
Ibrahim Adham Visted by Two Angels. India, Oudh, mid-18th Century. Depicting the ascetic, Ibrahim Adham, meditating before a fire in a landscape under moonlight, the angels standing before him bearing gifts.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 07:56:27 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/3a/3d/b0/3a3db0eefa522377ba93f59b487b42c2.jpg)
Ibrahim ibn Adham. Modèles d'écriture ornés de Portraits et Costumes, de Prophètes et autres personnages Indiens et Persans : peinture Date d'édition : 1605-1770
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 08:03:12 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/12/ae/21/12ae21b09808f9fba80f0acf18f2b77b.jpg)
Sultan Ibrahim Adham of Balkh visited by angels. Provincial Mughal, mid 18th century. Sultan Ibrahim seated cross-legged on a tree stump, with his eyes closed in contemplation, four angels standing before him in colorful robes bearing gifts, another ascetic leaning against a small mound on the opposite side.

Per Bonhams: A popular subject in 18th-century Mughal paintings, echoing that of Siddhartha, Sultan Ibrahim ibn Adham (d.776-77) gave up the royal Kingdom of Balkh to become a wandering dervish. Here, we see him visited by angels who favor him over a more seasoned dervish, serving him ten bowls of food and the other only one. When the other grumbles in envy, a voice from the sky explains that whereas he was poor to begin with, Sultan Ibrahim ibn Adham gave up a lot more for the love of God.

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 09:03:23 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/3f/8d/a8/3f8da8598ba6970748a9aa558849bae2.jpg)
A Princess Visiting a Forest Shrine at Night. Attributed to Mir Kalan Khan (master painter, India, active circa 1730-1780). India, Uttar Pradesh, Awadh, Lucknow, circa 1760.


(Click and enlarge attachment to see refined detail.)

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 17, 2016, 10:41:42 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/aa/f3/df/aaf3df8f0f1acb38db1b83e94f5e1928.jpg)
Women who worship Shiva are interrupted by a vision of Krishna, anonymous, ca 1795 - ca 1805. Source: Rijksmuseum

Has Krishna come to interrupt the puja, or to join it? ;)

https://www.facebook.com/196174216674/photos/pb.196174216674.-2207520000.1431971977./10151301178651675/?type=3&theater

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 24, 2016, 08:03:54 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/7a/a0/d8/7aa0d8a15321a6b2f3b778034d8146fa.jpg)
A yogi (holy man) shown three consecutive times, once sitting in front of his hut, and twice worshipping Vishnu who is seated on Garuda. Probably Jaipur, ca. 1800.

Best view (click & enlarge): http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GB/2013GB1389_2500.jpg

(Or the attachment)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 24, 2016, 08:11:55 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9c/4b/70/9c4b705cc79a04c3e346987c54381d7e.jpg)
Vaishnavite yogini, by Nathu, opaque watercolour on paper, Bikaner, 1687.

In this painting, the only thing I can see which connects her to Vishnu is that she is holding a conch in her left hand.

Best view in attachment (click & enlarge):
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 24, 2016, 08:17:00 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/da/74/4b/da744b5cb040e634313589583031e1fb.jpg)
2 ladies and a girl pay their respects to a yogi (ascetic) who is seated on a deer-skin and in front of his riverside ashram (hermitage). A yogini (female ascetic) is seated next to him on the ground. A noblewoman arrives carrying her offerings. She has embarked from a maur-pankhi (peacock-shaped pinnace). Murshidabad, ca. 1770

Quite an outing!

Best view (click & enlarge): http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GD/2013GD6681_2500.jpg

Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 24, 2016, 08:30:13 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/88/9e/0f/889e0f8f144772a713b453d402c3c4ed.jpg)

Religious mendicant sitting outside his hut with a female disciple and tiger. On paper. The painting has been in a border which is now detached .the border has 8 verses of poetry around Mughal Style. Culture/period Islamic. Date 18thC (circa).

Best view in attachment(click and enlarge):
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on February 24, 2016, 08:33:46 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/df/51/4e/df514e0218c4549ab9a4eb84fbeacd15.jpg)
Yogi sitting on tiger skin at night, in opaque watercolour on paper, Mughal, 18th century.

Best view (click and enlarge): http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GJ/2013GJ9985_2500.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on March 14, 2016, 07:01:40 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/47/81/05/4781056e5c6d17508c3d0d229b176a09.jpg)
Angel Visiting an Aescetic. India, Amber, circa 1680
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on April 19, 2016, 02:17:47 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f3/5b/2d/f35b2da5304f051609e1c2cfcab7bfb7.jpg)

Vaishnava brahmin performing japa . The brahmin is seated wearing a gomukhi (ritual L-shaped bag) on his right hand to perform japa - counting the beads of his tulsi-mala (rosary made from beads from the sacred tulsi shrub) whilst repeating Vishnu's name in a mantra thus helping forge a route to salvation. Anglo-Indian school, circa late 19th century.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on April 19, 2016, 02:40:57 PM
Alas, despite Jahangir's son Shah Jahan continuing the mutual-respect tradition initiated by Akbar (literally meaning 'Great' although also connected by root to Kabir - say no more), it was Shah Jahan son, Aurangzeb, whose name still strikes fear in the hearts of Hindus today, that turned the tide towards intolerant, fundamental and aggressive Islam. Only a few days ago, Aurangzeb was spoken of in The Hindu newspaper, as being misunderstood. His actions and legacy are certainly not misunderstood.

In that picture, you see the hope of spiritual ascendancy for the whole of humanity. And yet, one can not overlook a critical fact. Dara, Jahangir's famous first wife, Mumtaz Mahal, eldest son, became too immersed in religious mutuality, while his brother, the third son, was a born warrior and brought up by a fundamentalist Islamic influence. The Mughal Empire reached it's greatest extent under Aurangzeb, which also became it's cause of decline: over-reach.

I see in all this the Will of Life. Those who tread too far to the left side of the tube running into the heart of our energetic being, who seek too much love and tolerance, fall prey to those who tread too far to the right of the tube - of violence and intolerance. Why has Life set it up that continuously throughout human history, the approach to enlightened material governance is always hijacked by ruthless and violent forces who have the advantage of 'physical grasp'. Why can't those who intuitively see all sides, also be capable of decisive and clever action. Obviously, this was achieved with some notable exceptions, like Akbar himself, and earlier Ashoka, but in general it appears the path to love makes us weak.

I see this as a warning to those who pursue the path of understanding and wisdom, that the ability to retain a cunning intellect and the capacity of the 'decisive strike', are essential elements of understanding, wisdom and love. We must walk both sides of the tube as we penetrate into the heart of our being.

Right - cunning and cleverness become necessities at this point in the Kali Yuga. Underground goodness.

By the way, I heard a story the other day that while Aurangzeb had Jahangir imprisoned for many years, one evening he had a "special dinner" sent to Jahangir: the head of Dara, Jahangir's favorite and beloved son. That is some pretty deep cruelty.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on April 19, 2016, 02:44:56 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/cc/e8/1a/cce81a6687ed067a21ff1e0b8ab13904.jpg)

Hermit wearing tippet and cap in summer landscape and warming hand and foot at a fire. Mughal Style Islamic culture. Date 1800.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on June 20, 2016, 09:18:01 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/15/d7/bb/15d7bbe0d6d6c42179cd0ff22ca5aebd.jpg)
Krishna adorning the hair of a bearded holy man, opaque water colour on paper, Jaipur, early 19th century

See also the attachment or the following link (click and enlarge):
http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GN/2013GN4097_2500.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on July 27, 2016, 05:03:36 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/15/d7/bb/15d7bbe0d6d6c42179cd0ff22ca5aebd.jpg)
Krishna adorning the hair of a bearded holy man, opaque water colour on paper, Jaipur, early 19th century

See also the attachment or the following link (click and enlarge):
http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GN/2013GN4097_2500.jpg

You can't really see the hairstyle of the holy man unless you click and enlarge the attachment. True for all of these: there is rich detail to be had in enlarging the attachments.

The reason this painting is so interesting is that the garb of the holy man - the patchwork-stitched robe - is an indicator that he is Sufi, I've come to discover. (You see patchwork - it's a Sufi...) So, how remarkable and lovely that Krishna is befriending and honoring a Sufi.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on July 27, 2016, 05:17:59 AM
The most interesting and curious find of my week - "Mr. Flowery Man". The painting was done in 1815 in Delhi, when the man was famous. And really, 200 years later, he is still famous, in all his eccentric glory.

(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/31/aa/46/31aa461db0d3d0a72a5020a09b763ddf.jpg)
These ascetics were well-known characters in Delhi. The effete figure with tassels hanging from his waist was called Sarhaj, a Brahmin of the Chaube caste from Gokal, Brindaban, known as 'Mr Flowery Man'. One of four drawings of inhabitants of Delhi. Delhi, India. ca.1815. Artist/Maker: possibly Faiz Ali Khan.

Click and enlarge either this link or the attachments: http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2006/BF/2006BF8002_2500.jpg

A cleaned-up detail:
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/79/72/a8/7972a8af5ce88707b7f8dde6763a7688.jpg)

He must have been so hot!!
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Michael on July 30, 2016, 06:49:56 PM
You can't really see the hairstyle of the holy man unless you click and enlarge the attachment. True for all of these: there is rich detail to be had in enlarging the attachments.

The reason this painting is so interesting is that the garb of the holy man - the patchwork-stitched robe - is an indicator that he is Sufi, I've come to discover. (You see patchwork - it's a Sufi...) So, how remarkable and lovely that Krishna is befriending and honoring a Sufi.

The enlargement does show some beautiful detail.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 01, 2016, 08:29:23 PM
The enlargement does show some beautiful detail.

And you can see in the upper quadrant that Krishna has multiplied himself many times... having gatherings with different women simultaneously. :)
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 02, 2016, 07:25:26 AM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/28/c7/3d/28c73d4fbfd99d738c4aebd8601ee594.jpg)
A priest and a pilgrim. Thanjavur, c.1770.

(Anyone know what the pilgrim is carrying?)

Click and enlarge attachment...
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:09:09 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/bd/19/6c/bd196c9f329caa793d4c29a6e3168d1d.jpg)
Mystic Attended by Angels, India, Lucknow, circa 1780.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:11:44 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/e3/c8/79/e3c87957abcc8e0fd08aec706fac7bcd.jpg)
'Sage seated in ‘Padmasana posture' Basohli, early 18th cent. A.D. Paper. National Museum of New Delhi
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:15:04 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f1/05/9a/f1059af27ca20c2806cdb36b9766fac3.jpg)
A royal ascetic. Deccani, Bijapur, c. 1660. "The British Library’s only 17th century image of a Deccani yogi is this magnificent & enigmatic study of a royal ascetic wearing the patchwork robe of a yogi, seated on a tiger skin beside a fire, with the crescent moon linking him with the great yogi Shiva himself. His sword, dagger, club & fakir’s crutch (no less useful as a weapon than a support for meditation) suggest he might be one of the warrior ascetics who roamed India in bands in 17th/18th cent.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:20:28 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/7d/60/fc/7d60fca065793193755b598639704d54.jpg)
Female ascetic holding a rosary. Lucknow, c.1815-20.

Best view in attachment or here:
http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2011/EX/2011EX3415_2500.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:34:56 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/32/69/0d/32690d913144d0a14acf168debd03a2f.jpg)
Sage Makandeya’s Ashram , attributed to the “Darga Master”. 17th-18th century, from the "Garden and Cosmos" exhibition.

Must click/enlarge here for best view:
https://chawedrosin.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/sage-markandeyas-ashram.jpg

It would be interesting to have more detail about this painting. Markandeya is the sage who foretold of the coming of Krishna. Does that mean that the "king" in this painting is Kamsa, who tried to have Krishna killed as an infant? Could be, but I don't know.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on August 19, 2016, 03:54:59 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/a4/8d/4f/a48d4f3e952771aa1d5dc815602d2abd.jpg)
Indian, Deccan. A prince visiting a female ascetic, early 18th century. Opaque watercolour and gold.

For full detail, click and enlarge:
http://artimage.princeton.edu/files/ProductionJpegs/STU00683.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on December 27, 2016, 06:22:37 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f0/ab/0d/f0ab0d8596fafe489ab88d4173f24055.jpg)
Yoginis meeting. No data noted. Appears to be Mughal, probably 18th century.

Click and enlarge attachment for best view.
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on March 29, 2017, 04:08:06 PM
(https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/08/57/14/0857146336bafdc8dff22e60551dd60c.jpg)
Large Clive Album, yogini seated by stream, opaque watercolour and gold on paper, Bijapur, 1605-1640

Click and enlarge either the attachment or this link: http://media.vam.ac.uk/collections/img/2013/GJ/2013GJ0296_2500.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on March 12, 2018, 10:11:25 AM
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DKVIZNEWsAA62ke.jpg)
A group of ascetics seated outside a hut, watercolour, Murshidabad Bengal, c.1750




https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DKVIZNEWsAA62ke.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on May 27, 2018, 08:53:35 AM
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7YRWqVUwAArdf_.jpg)
Women meeting yogini. Data not noted.




https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7YRWqVUwAArdf_.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on May 27, 2018, 09:25:00 AM
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DD6fyCDVwAAFPHr.jpg)
Yogini - data not noted.




https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DD6fyCDVwAAFPHr.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 05, 2018, 02:33:37 PM
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnGgKESU4AAm-WM.jpg)
Ascetics in a Landscape. Bundi, 1750. Aga Khan Museum, Toronto.




https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnGgKESU4AAm-WM.jpg
Title: Re: Holy Men & Women, and the Beings Who Visit Them
Post by: Nichi on November 05, 2018, 02:37:05 PM
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dm3dhZsXcAEQTMX.jpg)
Ascetic - data unknown





https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dm3dhZsXcAEQTMX.jpg