Jahn, I'm not sure you aware of, but there were experiments done where scientists managed to erase mories of rats without cutting parts out of the brain, simply by electrically resetting parts of it - parts that they suspected that are where memories are stored.
They did it by teaching certain tricks to the rats and then resetting the brain. The memories didn't come back, the rats had to learn the tricks again.
There is also evidence that the brain is capable of restructuring itself in case of damage. In many cases if the center of hearing is damaged another part of the brain will take over its function.
Are you familiar with the Human Brain project? It is a project initiated this year, with funds over 2 billion euros, to map the connections of the human brain. Much like the DNA project.
Our still limited understanding of the DNA told us much more about human body and gave us much better tools to treat diseases, for example. Had we followed the mystical knowledge of our ancestors, we would still be bleeding people for any number of diseases or cast demons out of people.
I think it's a bit facetious to say that we understand everything about our brain, when we haven't even taken a good look at it.
Religion and mystical tradition already knows what emotions, thoughts, feelings are. My stance is that we simply don't know, and now, thanks to advances in technology, we can start looking into it.
As one would expect, once scientists make the discoveries you will find every kind of ways to fit them to your narrative of energetic body, astral, double, soul etc.
As for your remark about the brain being hologram I don't see how it is relevant. There is a similar theory that the universe could be a hologram, but scientist don't use it in the sense you would use it. They are not implying that a universe is not real, or that we create the universe trough our perception.