I have been following this. There are some good articles on Salon.com but of course this is big news across the world coming on top of all the troubles in Europe.
It seems that situation is that the Republicans can't do a deal with the Democrats to pass raising the debt limit, because the Tea Party is causing havoc within the Republicans.
The Tea Party are demanding severe cuts to all welfare programs, and no increasing of taxes on the wealthy (which is why the corporate jets became an issue). Obama shocked many by offering to agree to cuts to Medicare and something else. This is a case of Obama agreeing with the Republican agenda, instead of stating right out that funding cuts are not the answer to the the US's problems, and are likely to make the situation far worse. This is a big economist's debate.
The other thing is that it is actually against the US constitution for the the Republicans to stop the US paying its debts, but Obama is keeping quiet on that, while trying to get some agreement. Unfortunately every deal is shot down by the Tea Party, who I suspect, see a political opportunity - they want the US to default, then to blame Obama.
No one knows what will happen is the US defaults, and there may be measures to avoid that, but if it does, general consensus is that it will tip the global economy into a second recession.
The Republicans are playing politics, but manoeuvring Obama into being dammed for agreeing to severe social program cuts (which will affect the poor, who are not Republican voters), or by denying any deal, causing a default, and thus hoping everyone will blame Obama as the President for the consequences.
How the Republicans can play dice with millions of people's lives for their own power ambitions, is beyond me. Something similar, though not as serious, is happening in Aust.
Here is one such article from Salon.com:
http://www.salon.com/news/budget_showdown/index.html?story=/tech/htww/2011/07/12/a_translation_guide_for_kooky_gop_debt_ceiling_rhetoric