Topic: Bees

[TIOTIT]

 Einstein once remarked that "if bees were to disappear, man would only have a few years to live." Should we be really worried about the death of bees?

 It is being called "Colony collapse disorder" (CCD) and it's being blamed on one or more of the following: the Vampire Mite, greedy crossbreeding beekeepers, air quality, chemical pollutants, viruses, a fungus, poor bee nutrition. Scientists have not pinpointed the problem yet.

From the US: "If honeybees ceased to exist, two-thirds of the citrus, all of the watermelons, the blueberries, strawberries, pecans and beans would disappear," said Jerry Hayes, apiary inspection chief with the state's Division of Plant Industry. More than 50 percent of the bees in California, critical to the success of the Golden State's almond crop, have died during the past six months. Frantic growers there have sent out the call around the world, including Florida, for hives.

From Italy: Italian bees are been killed off by the millions and environmentalists and honey producers warned today this was a sign of a worrisome turn for the environment.
The National Beekeepers' Association UNAAPI said the country was witnessing a silent "slaughter of bees" and that Italian honey production would plummet by at least 50% this year.

From Canada: Bee producers say 40 per cent of their bees have been killed by the mite this years. They say honey production will be significantly down this year, and especially bad in Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick.
 

Personaly I'd put GM crops on the list as highly suss as well....
It's happening here in Australia as well...

[erik]

Same story in Germany...

COLLAPSING COLONIES
Are GM Crops Killing Bees?

By Gunther Latsch

http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,473166,00.html

A mysterious decimation of bee populations has German beekeepers worried, while a similar phenomenon in the United States is gradually assuming catastrophic proportions. The consequences for agriculture and the economy could be enormous.

Walter Haefeker is a man who is used to painting grim scenarios. He sits on the board of directors of the German Beekeepers Association (DBIB) and is vice president of the European Professional Beekeepers Association. And because griping is part of a lobbyist's trade, it is practically his professional duty to warn that "the very existence of beekeeping is at stake."

The problem, says Haefeker, has a number of causes, one being the varroa mite, introduced from Asia, and another is the widespread practice in agriculture of spraying wildflowers with herbicides and practicing monoculture. Another possible cause, according to Haefeker, is the controversial and growing use of genetic engineering in agriculture.

As far back as 2005, Haefeker ended an article he contributed to the journal Der Kritischer Agrarbericht (Critical Agricultural Report) with an Albert Einstein quote: "If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe then man would only have four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man."

Mysterious events in recent months have suddenly made Einstein's apocalyptic vision seem all the more topical. For unknown reasons, bee populations throughout Germany are disappearing -- something that is so far only harming beekeepers. But the situation is different in the United States, where bees are dying in such dramatic numbers that the economic consequences could soon be dire. No one knows what is causing the bees to perish, but some experts believe that the large-scale use of genetically modified plants in the US could be a factor.

Felix Kriechbaum, an official with a regional beekeepers' association in Bavaria, recently reported a decline of almost 12 percent in local bee populations. When "bee populations disappear without a trace," says Kriechbaum, it is difficult to investigate the causes, because "most bees don't die in the beehive." There are many diseases that can cause bees to lose their sense of orientation so they can no longer find their way back to their hives.

Manfred Hederer, the president of the German Beekeepers Association, almost simultaneously reported a 25 percent drop in bee populations throughout Germany. In isolated cases, says Hederer, declines of up to 80 percent have been reported. He speculates that "a particular toxin, some agent with which we are not familiar," is killing the bees.

Politicians, until now, have shown little concern for such warnings or the woes of beekeepers. Although apiarists have been given a chance to make their case -- for example in the run-up to the German cabinet's approval of a genetic engineering policy document by Minister of Agriculture Horst Seehofer in February -- their complaints are still largely ignored.

Even when beekeepers actually go to court, as they recently did in a joint effort with the German chapter of the organic farming organization Demeter International and other groups to oppose the use of genetically modified corn plants, they can only dream of the sort of media attention environmental organizations like Greenpeace attract with their protests at test sites.

But that could soon change. Since last November, the US has seen a decline in bee populations so dramatic that it eclipses all previous incidences of mass mortality. Beekeepers on the east coast of the United States complain that they have lost more than 70 percent of their stock since late last year, while the west coast has seen a decline of up to 60 percent.

In an article in its business section in late February, the New York Times calculated the damage US agriculture would suffer if bees died out. Experts at Cornell University in upstate New York have estimated the value bees generate -- by pollinating fruit and vegetable plants, almond trees and animal feed like clover -- at more than $14 billion.

Scientists call the mysterious phenomenon "Colony Collapse Disorder" (CCD), and it is fast turning into a national catastrophe of sorts. A number of universities and government agencies have formed a "CCD Working Group" to search for the causes of the calamity, but have so far come up empty-handed. But, like Dennis vanEngelsdorp, an apiarist with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, they are already referring to the problem as a potential "AIDS for the bee industry."

One thing is certain: Millions of bees have simply vanished. In most cases, all that's left in the hives are the doomed offspring. But dead bees are nowhere to be found -- neither in nor anywhere close to the hives. Diana Cox-Foster, a member of the CCD Working Group, told The Independent that researchers were "extremely alarmed," adding that the crisis "has the potential to devastate the US beekeeping industry."

It is particularly worrisome, she said, that the bees' death is accompanied by a set of symptoms "which does not seem to match anything in the literature."

In many cases, scientists have found evidence of almost all known bee viruses in the few surviving bees found in the hives after most have disappeared. Some had five or six infections at the same time and were infested with fungi -- a sign, experts say, that the insects' immune system may have collapsed.

The scientists are also surprised that bees and other insects usually leave the abandoned hives untouched. Nearby bee populations or parasites would normally raid the honey and pollen stores of colonies that have died for other reasons, such as excessive winter cold. "This suggests that there is something toxic in the colony itself which is repelling them," says Cox-Foster.

Walter Haefeker, the German beekeeping official, speculates that "besides a number of other factors," the fact that genetically modified, insect-resistant plants are now used in 40 percent of cornfields in the United States could be playing a role. The figure is much lower in Germany -- only 0.06 percent -- and most of that occurs in the eastern states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg. Haefeker recently sent a researcher at the CCD Working Group some data from a bee study that he has long felt shows a possible connection between genetic engineering and diseases in bees.

The study in question is a small research project conducted at the University of Jena from 2001 to 2004. The researchers examined the effects of pollen from a genetically modified maize variant called "Bt corn" on bees. A gene from a soil bacterium had been inserted into the corn that enabled the plant to produce an agent that is toxic to insect pests. The study concluded that there was no evidence of a "toxic effect of Bt corn on healthy honeybee populations." But when, by sheer chance, the bees used in the experiments were infested with a parasite, something eerie happened. According to the Jena study, a "significantly stronger decline in the number of bees" occurred among the insects that had been fed a highly concentrated Bt poison feed.

According to Hans-Hinrich Kaatz, a professor at the University of Halle in eastern Germany and the director of the study, the bacterial toxin in the genetically modified corn may have "altered the surface of the bee's intestines, sufficiently weakening the bees to allow the parasites to gain entry -- or perhaps it was the other way around. We don't know."

Of course, the concentration of the toxin was ten times higher in the experiments than in normal Bt corn pollen. In addition, the bee feed was administered over a relatively lengthy six-week period.

Kaatz would have preferred to continue studying the phenomenon but lacked the necessary funding. "Those who have the money are not interested in this sort of research," says the professor, "and those who are interested don't have the money."

Translated from the German by Christopher Sultan

[TIOTIT]

MOBILE PHONES CAUSING THE HONEY BEE DECLINE?
Posted By: gman <Send E-Mail>
Date: Saturday, 14 April 2007, 11:09 p.m.
  This sounds a little "far out", but, who knows.
  http://news.independent.co.uk/enviro...cle2449968.ece
  Are mobile phones wiping out our bees?
  Scientists claim radiation from handsets are to blame for mysterious 'colony
  collapse' of bees
  By Geoffrey Lean and Harriet Shawcross
  Published: 15 April 2007
  It seems like the plot of a particularly far-fetched horror film. But some
  scientists suggest that our love of the mobile phone could cause massive food
  shortages, as the world's harvests fail.
  They are putting forward the theory that radiation given off by mobile phones
  and other hi-tech gadgets is a possible answer to one of the more bizarre
  mysteries ever to happen in the natural world - the abrupt disappearance of
  the bees that pollinate crops. Late last week, some bee-keepers claimed that
  the phenomenon - which started in the US, then spread to continental Europe -
  was beginning to hit Britain as well.
  The theory is that radiation from mobile phones interferes with bees'
  navigation systems, preventing the famously homeloving species from finding
  their way back to their hives. Improbable as it may seem, there is now
  evidence to back this up.
  Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) occurs when a hive's inhabitants suddenly
  disappear, leaving only queens, eggs and a few immature workers, like so many
  apian Mary Celestes. The vanished bees are never found, but thought to die
  singly far from home. The parasites, wildlife and other bees that normally
  raid the honey and pollen left behind when a colony dies, refuse to go
  anywhere near the abandoned hives.
  The alarm was first sounded last autumn, but has now hit half of all American
  states. The West Coast is thought to have lost 60 per cent of its commercial
  bee population, with 70 per cent missing on the East Coast.
  CCD has since spread to Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and
  Greece. And last week John Chapple, one of London's biggest bee-keepers,
  announced that 23 of his 40 hives have been abruptly abandoned.
  Other apiarists have recorded losses in Scotland, Wales and north-west
  England, but the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
  insisted: "There is absolutely no evidence of CCD in the UK."
  The implications of the spread are alarming. Most of the world's crops depend
  on pollination by bees. Albert Einstein once said that if the bees
  disappeared, "man would have only four years of life left".
  No one knows why it is happening. Theories involving mites, pesticides, global
  warming and GM crops have been proposed, but all have drawbacks.
  German research has long shown that bees' behaviour changes near power lines.
  Now a limited study at Landau University has found that bees refuse to return
  to their hives when mobile phones are placed nearby. Dr Jochen Kuhn, who
  carried it out, said this could provide a "hint" to a possible cause.
  Dr George Carlo, who headed a massive study by the US government and mobile
  phone industry of hazards from mobiles in the Nineties, said: "I am convinced
  the possibility is real."
  The case against handsets
  Evidence of dangers to people from mobile phones is increasing. But proof is
  still lacking, largely because many of the biggest perils, such as cancer,
  take decades to show up.
  Most research on cancer has so far proved inconclusive. But an official
  Finnish study found that people who used the phones for more than 10 years
  were 40 per cent more likely to get a brain tumour on the same side as they
  held the handset.
  Equally alarming, blue-chip Swedish research revealed that radiation from
  mobile phones killed off brain cells, suggesting that today's teenagers could
  go senile in the prime of their lives.
  Studies in India and the US have raised the possibility that men who use
  mobile phones heavily have reduced sperm counts. And, more prosaically,
  doctors have identified the condition of "text thumb", a form of RSI from
  constant texting.
  Professor Sir William Stewart, who has headed two official inquiries, warned
  that children under eight should not use mobiles and made a series of safety
  recommendations, largely ignored by ministers.

[erik]

Who knows, indeed!

[TIOTIT]

» Honey bees must tap 2 million flowers to make one pound of honey.

» The bees in one hive fly more than 55,000 miles to produce one pound of honey.

» A honey bee flies about 15 mph.

» An average worker honey bee makes 1/12 teaspoon of honey in a lifetime.

» Each person in the United States consumes, on average, about 1.31 pounds of honey per year

[TIOTIT]

My neighbor dropped by today (He's 75) to give me some honey
from his hives.I've just finished putting it into jars,I feel like
Balaram(Krishnas brother)who stuffs himself with honey on his
birthday...blood sugar levels through the roof....Ahhh I'm going
to sit in the sun and dream.....

Varuni Beverage for Lord Balaram

Small amount:

7 litres Milk
6 litres Yogurt
1 litre Cream
5 kg Runny Honey
1 kg White Sugar
1/2 bottle Rose water  (7 Roses brand is very nice from Mumbai - 7oz)

[nichi]

Sounds delicious!

[Jennifer-]

Ahhh I'm going
to sit in the sun and dream.....